World Economics and Finance Bulletin

THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN ACTIVATING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EVIDENCE FROM IRAQ

Mustafa Hassan Malak — 2025-04-05

Internal Auditing: Closed System Perspective ABSTRACT: The study seeks to show the importance and effectiveness of the internal audit that serve parties in corporate governance, including the audit committee, external auditors, as well as the board of directors. Consequently, all internal audit the Institute of Internal Auditors standards have grown to be one of the best weapons to ensure the quality of audit procedures and thus making value to companies through services offered, such as regulatory consulting, assurance services, risk assessment, verification of procedures and tests of compliance with transparency and disclosure standards. All these are bounded by corporate governance. In order to satisfy the research objectives,A descriptive analysis of the suitability of such analyses/models for studies of this kind and the principle of gathering data at the source. Data collection was carried out using a prepared questionnaire by sending out 85 electronic questionnaires to a sample that enabled statistical analyses,The given sentence has been broken into multiple sentences for readability Iraqi Commercial Banks a random of employees Once analysis was done with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-23), the results of the practical research showed a statistically significant positive effect at the significance level of 0.05 for all variables. The research concluded that internal audit has a significant impact on the application of governance principles in Iraqi commercial banks. The internal control systems in these banks contribute to monitoring the operations of the banks through continuous disclosure of risks. It is also essential to support the independence of internal audit in Iraqi commercial banks to provide more credible results, along with continuous supervision of the importance of supporting internal audit systems through seminars and training courses to keep pace with modern technological developments and enable all auditors to keep up with modern international standards.

THE IMPACT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A FIELD STUDY AT THE TECHNICAL INSTITUTE\ AL-DOUR

Bassam Ali Khalid — 2025-04-05

This research investigates the impact of servant leadership —as an independent variable— and its key dimensions (empowerment, altruism, love, and humility) on organizational commitment, which serves as the dependent variable with its own components. The study was conducted at the Technical Institute of AlDour. The core research question asked whether servant leadership influences organizational commitment. To explore this, a theoretical framework was developed to illustrate the anticipated relationships and effects between servant leadership and organizational commitment, forming the basis for several main and sub-hypotheses. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. The target sample included 121 employees (faculty, technicians, and administrators), from which 110 responses were obtained 11 of which were excluded due to invalidity. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and the reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results, based on the participants' high response levels, revealed a statistically significant and strongly positive correlation between servant leadership and organizational commitment at the institute. In light of these findings, the study concludes with a set of actionable recommendations aimed at fostering organizational commitment through the application of servant leadership principles.

MECHANISM OF DEDUCTIONS OF THE STRUCTURAL FUND AND MEMBERSHIP FEES FROM THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SUBMITTED BY THE LAWYER

Turaev Shakhriyor Shodiyorovich — 2025-04-11

The article shows the mechanisms for developing the infrastructure of advocacy structures, improving the principles of their operation by covering the administrative costs of the structure, withholding and paying membership fees by lawyers in efficient ways, effective use of advocacy services, how to withhold deductions from entities of the advocacy structure in convenient ways, and improving these deductions.

THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING IN ENHANCING CUSTOMER CONFIDENCE / A STUDY AT AL-HAYAT PHARMACEUTICALS

Hassan Daghwi Obaid — 2025-04-10

The research sought to elucidate the function of interactive marketing in bolstering client trust in Al-Hayat Company. The researcher developed a questionnaire of 12 items to gather primary data from a sample of 30 employees at Al-Hayat Company. Consequently, data were gathered and analysed, and hypotheses were evaluated utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A variety of statistical approaches were employed to fulfil the study objectives, including Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and simple regression. Upon analysing the study data and its hypotheses, various outcomes were attained, the most notable of which are: There exists a distinction in delineating the parameters of interactive marketing. Certain research uniquely identified interactive marketing characteristics, however the majority concurred on five specific dimensions. The organization's consumer confidence was ordinary, necessitating an increase to maintain its sustainability. Their clientele. The researcher proposed a series of recommendations, the most significant of which are as follows: The imperative of prioritising client loyalty as a strategic objective rather than merely a requirement. Customers are unable to alter their service providers. The organisation must investigate the facets of client trust, pinpoint deficiencies, and endeavour to rectify and augment them through interactive marketing.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Gulnozaxon Mirziyodova Ayubxon qizi — 2025-04-12

The article examines the current state of the digital economy in the country, identifies key opportunities and challenges, and proposes strategies to promote digital transformation. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, statistical data, and case studies. The results show that Uzbekistan has significant potential for digital growth, and through the implementation of effective policies and initiatives, the country can harness the benefits of the digital economy to enhance economic development and improve the well-being of its citizens.

THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE LABOR MARKET

Rakhmanbaeva Roza Abdurakhmanovna — 2025-04-17

This article presents data on the state of the process of digitalization of the economy and concludes about the high level of development of information infrastructure, at the same time, there is a strong gap in the level of digitalization between regions. When assessing the impact of the development of Internet technologies on employment, two main consequences are identified: a decrease in the impact of the geographical factor on supply and demand in the labor market and the involvement of previously unoccupied social groups in the production process. The results of these consequences are divided into opportunities and threats for the population, and their analysis is carried out separately for the population of the periphery