THE ACCESSION OF THE RIGHT HOLDER IN THE APPARENT SITUATION INTO THE CONTRACTUAL RELATION

Authors

  • Hayder Awad Hammadi Law department, College of law, the islamic university, Najaf, Iraq

Keywords:

Accession, apparent, right holder and contractual

Abstract

Assuming an individual demonstrations with another person's property and without his consent, then, at that point, that act is thought of as ineffectual against its proprietor and happens forthcoming his authorization, and this is what was specified in the main passage of Article (135) of the Iraqi Civil Code, yet assuming this current individual's conduct concurred with specific conditions, which are within the sight of a deception with respect to the individual discarding it, while exploring the truth of this conduct, that the individual discarding it (the proprietor of the obvious circumstance) is the proprietor of the right (not the contracting party), and the last option played a part in taking shape this conviction, so would we say we are confronting the very outcomes that might result from Is this conduct, assuming that it is without those conditions that encompassed it?, and does this conduct, which depends on an evident circumstance, go to the right holder (the non-worker for hire) who is the proprietor of the genuine circumstance, and consequently - as per this discernment - a job for the non-contracting party in impeding the execution An agreement that he isn't a party to? Considering this, the job of the official arises in the degree of dependence on the obvious circumstance, and afterwards the chance of the proprietor of the clear circumstance going into this authoritative relationship, and that the present circumstance might be situated in its examination and afterwards dependence on conditions and defences that legitimize and quality, and the impacts of the present circumstance arise showing the arrangements of lawful relations that emerge Among the people of the evident circumstance. To know this, we should initially characterize the idea of the evident circumstance, and this is the thing that we will show in the main point, and afterwards show the degree of dependence on the obvious circumstance in the subsequent subject.

References

Louis Maalouf, Al-Munajjid in Language, 35th Edition, Dar Al-Ilm Insight Foundation, Qom, pg. 482.

Ahmed bin Faris bin Zakaria, Dictionary of Language Measures, House of Revival of Arab Heritage, Beirut, 2008, pp. 618-619.

Ibn Manzur, Lisan Al Arab, Volume 3, 4th Edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 2005, pg. 200.

Ahmed bin Abi Sahl Al-Sarkhi, The Origins of Al-Sarakhsi, Volume 1, Edition 1, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia, Beirut - Lebanon, 1414-1993, pp. 163-164.

Wahba Al-Zuhaili, Al-Wajeez fi Usul Al-Fiqh, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, 1994, p. 175.

Taj al-Din Abd al-Wahhab bin Ali al-Subki, Collection of Mosques in Usul al-Fiqh, 2nd Edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1424-2002, p. 54.

Numan Muhammad Khalil, The Elements of Al-Zahir as a Source of Truth, Institute of Research and Studies, Cairo, 1977, p.4.

Abdel Basset James, Theory of Apparent Situations, PhD thesis, Cairo University, 1955, p. 5.

Mohsen Abdul Hamid Al-Bayh, The Theory of the Apparent Inheritance, Al-Jalaa New Library, 1993, p. 7.

Muhammad Saeed Abdel Rahman, The Apparent Situation Theory in the Pleadings Law, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami’i, Alexandria, 2007, pp. 56-57.

The decision of the Civil Court of Cassation, No. 73 on 11/7/2013, Baz Group, No. 52, 2013, pp. 499-504.

Decision 30/11/1971, Total Judicial Provisions, 22, No. 161, p. 959. Referred to by Mohamed Said Abdel Rahman, Theory of the Apparent Situation in the Pleadings Law, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami’i, Alexandria, 2007, p. 63.

Abdel Halim Abdel Latif, Good faith and its impact on behaviour in Islamic jurisprudence and civil law, University Press, Alexandria, 2004, pp. 294-295.

Najwan Abdel-Sattar Ali Mubarak, The Apparent Situation in Civil Law, PhD thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, Tanta University, 2013, p. 77.

Abdel Moneim Farag Al-Sada, Sources of Obligation, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1986, p. 329.

Resolution 29/1/ 1948, Court of Cassation in Civil Matters, Part 2, Part 1, No. 4097, p. 1507. Referred to by Muhammad Saeed Abdul Rahman, a previous source, p. 77.

Majed Ragheb, The Apparent Theory of Administrative Law, research published in the Kuwaiti Law Journal, Year 4, No. 1, 1979, p. 50.

Atef Muhammad Fakhry, Protection of the apparent situation, the basis and limits of protection, research published in the Egyptian Lawyer Journal, 58th year, Issues 5 and 6, May / June 1978, p. 72.

Joseph Adrien Rogron, le code civil expliqué par ses motifs, par des exemples, et par la jurisprudence, société typographique Belge, Brucelles, 1838, p211.

Muhammad Sharif Jamal, Maaqasi Rashid, Theory of the Apparent Situation and Transactional stability, Master’s thesis, submitted to the College of Law and Political Science, 2019, p. 2.

Abdel Salam Zhni Bey, On General Theoretical Obligations, Egypt Press, an Egyptian joint stock company, p. 169-170

Abdul Hai Hegazy, The General Theory of Commitment, Provisions of Commitment, Part 3, Al Faggala New Press, 1954, p. 13.

Decision No. 4338/61/ on 12/1997, published in the collection of rulings of the Egyptian Court of Cassation, year 48, part 2, Amiri Press, Cairo, p. 1114.

Muhammad Hassan Qassem, Civil Law, Obligations, Volume 2, 1st Edition, Al-Halabi Human Rights Publications, Beirut, 2018, p. 137.

Muhammad Abu Zahra, Laws of Legacy and Inheritance, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, without a year of publication, p. 224.

Issam Abdel Aziz Al-Dafrawi, The Impact of Death on the Agency Contract in Islamic Jurisprudence and Civil Law, A Comparative Study, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia, Beirut, without a year of publication, p. 269.

Muhammad bin Ahmed al-Sherbiny, Mughni al-Muhtaaj, part 2, House of Revival of Arab Heritage, Lebanon, 1377 AH - 1958 AD, p. 263; And Sheikh Al-Jawahiri, Jawahir al-Kalam, Volume 39, 3rd Edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1368 AH, p. 61.

Sheikh Al-Jawahiri, Jawahir al-Kalam, Volume 29, 2nd Edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1366 AH, p. 195.

Al-Sarakhsi, Al-Mabsout, Part 11, Dar Al-Maarifa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 1406 AH-1986, p. 83.

Allama Al-Hilli, Various Shiites, Volume 4, Edition 1, Islamic Publication Institution, Qom, 1413, p. 230.

Allama Al-Hilli, Muntaha Al-Matalib, Volume 1, i 1, Institute of Printing and Publishing in the Holy Astana Razavi, Mashhad, 1412 AH, p. 294.

Muhammad bin Ahmed al-Sherbiny, Mughni al-Muhtaj, Part 1, House of Revival of Arab Heritage, Lebanon, 1377 AH-1958 AD, p. 39; and Ibn Najim Al-Masry, Al-Bahr Al-Ra’iq, Volume 1, 1, Edition, Muhammad Ali Beydoun Publications, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut, 1418 AH-1997 AD, pg. 60.

Abdul Majeed Al-Hakim, Abdul Majeed Al-Hakim, Mediator in Contract Theory, Contract Contracting, Volume 1, Al-Ahlia Printing and Publishing Company, Baghdad, 1967, pg. 488.

Court of Cassation Decision 759 / m 77 / 1 of 4/6/1978 Al-Mashhadani, previous source, pg. 745, citing Dr. Conscience Hussain Al-Maamouri, The Apparent Agency, research published in the Journal of Babylon University, Humanities, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2007, p. 385.

Adnan Ibrahim Sarhan, Apparent Conditions and their Protection in Iraqi and Comparative Law, Master's Thesis, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1986, p. 3.

Muhammad Saeed Abdel Rahman, The Theory of the Apparent Situation in the Pleadings Law, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Jami’i, 1st Edition, Alexandria, 2008, pp. 7-10.

Muhammad Saeed Abdul Rahman, The Apparent Situation Theory in the Procedure Code (a comparative study), 1st Edition, Al-Halabi Human Rights Publications, Beirut, 2011, p. 11.

Shawki Mohamed Salah, The Apparent Theory of Civil Law - A Comparative Analytical Study in the Egyptian and French Legal Systems, Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi, Cairo, 2002, p. 11.

Jerome Hoyer, Extended in Civil Law, Major Private Contracts, Volume 1, 1st Edition, Glory of the University Foundation for Studies, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 2003, p. 104.

Ali Hamid Kadhim Al Shukri, Stability of Financial Transactions, A Comparative Study, Doctoral Thesis Submitted to the Council of the College of Law, University of Karbala, 2014, p. 56.

Abdul Majeed Al-Hakim, Abdul-Baqi Al-Bakri, Dr. Muhammad Taha Al-Bashir, Al-Wajeez in the Theory of Commitment in the Iraqi Civil Law, Sources of Commitment, Part 1, New revised edition, Al-Sanhoury Library, Baghdad, p. 141.

See the text of Article 384 of the Iraqi Civil Code, which states (If the payment is made to a person other than the creditor or his representative, the debtor is not discharged unless this payment is approved or the payment is made in good faith to a person to whom the debt is apparent, such as the apparent heir).

Nibras Dhahir Jabr Al-Ziyadi, Legal Rooting for the Enforcement of the Contract in the Right of Others, Research published in Al-Qadisiyah Journal and Political Science, No. 2, Volume 6, Year 2015, p. 20.

Fatiha Kara, The New Judicial Theory of Apparent Conditions, Mansha’at al-Maaref, Alexandria, p. 29.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-05

How to Cite

Hayder Awad Hammadi. (2022). THE ACCESSION OF THE RIGHT HOLDER IN THE APPARENT SITUATION INTO THE CONTRACTUAL RELATION. World Bulletin of Social Sciences, 6, 1-10. Retrieved from https://scholarexpress.net/index.php/wbss/article/view/436

Issue

Section

Articles