THE EFFECT OF PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES ON CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION

Authors

  • Dhuha Ali Hassan Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
  • Manal Mohammed Kadhim Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

Keywords:

Critical COVID-19 symptoms, comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes

Abstract

The recent novel coronavirus disease 2019 which is caused by SARS-COV2, is the midst of worldwide panic and global health concern since December, 2019. It has been spread dramatically all over the world and became an important global crisis. It is reported that SARS-COV2 infection, in persons with underlying comorbidities have an increasingly bad progression that often-causing death. This retrospective comparative study aims to evaluates some of comorbid conditions in correlation to severity of COVID-19. 400 COVID-19 patients have been recruited from Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital- Iraq, from 1st of December, 2020 until the end of January, 2021. From what is known of the epidemiological data, COVID-19 patients’ who have a comorbidity, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, are more likely to develop more severe progression of the SARS-CoV2 infection also, older patients, especially those 65 years and above who have comorbidities and are infected, are more susceptible to get wars manifestations. Patients with chronic disease should take all necessary precautions to avoid SARS CoV-2 infection and should take a good medical care.

References

Alkundi A, Mahmoud I, Musa A, Naveed S, Alshawwaf M. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom: A retrospective single center study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Jul; 165:108263. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108263. Epub 2020 Jun 10. PMID: 32531325; PMCID: PMC7283049.

Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, Haque Z, Ibrahim B. Association of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Intervirology. 2020 Dec 9:1-12. doi: 10.1159/000512592. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33296901; PMCID: PMC7801974.

Bozkurt B., Kovacs R., Harrington B. Joint HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns Re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. J Card Fail. 2020; 26:370.

Costa, L. B., Perez, L. G., Palmeira, V. A., Macedo e Cordeiro, T., Ribeiro, V. T., Lanza, K., et al. (2020). Insights on SARS-CoV-2 molecular interactions with the renin-angiotensin system. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:559841. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.559841

Drucker, D. J. Coronavirus infections and type 2 diabetes–shared pathways with therapeutic implications. Endocr. Rev. 41, 457–470 (2020). This review covers the pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of coronavirus infection.

Ge E, Li Y, Wu S, Candido E, Wei X. Association of pre-existing comorbidities with mortality and disease severity among 167,500 individuals with COVID-19 in Canada: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2021 Oct 5;16(10): e0258154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258154. PMID: 34610047; PMCID: PMC8491945.

Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, Qin R, Wang H, Shen Y, Du K, Zhao L, Fan H, Luo S, Hu D. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020: e3319.

Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020; 181:1–10.

Honardoost M, Janani L, Aghili R, Emami Z, Khamseh ME. The Association between Presence of Comorbidities and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021;50(2):132-140. doi: 10.1159/000513288. Epub 2021 Feb 2. PMID: 33530081; PMCID: PMC7900456.

Jayaswal, S. K., Singh, S., Malik, P. S., Venigalla, S. K., Gupta, P., Samaga, S. N., Hota, R. N., Bhatia, S. S., & Gupta, I. (2021). Detrimental effect of diabetes and hypertension on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection: A multi-center case-control study from India. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 15(5), 102248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102248

Lanza, K., Perez, L. G., Costa, L. B., Cordeiro, T. M., Palmeira, V. A., Ribeiro, V. T., et al. (2020). Covid-19: the renin-angiotensin system imbalance hypothesis. Clin. Sci. 134, 1259–1264. doi: 10.1042/CS20200492

Li H, Tian S, Chen T, Cui Z, Shi N, Zhong X, Qiu K, Zhang J, Zeng T, Chen L, Zheng J. Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020; 22:1897–1906.

Li X, Xu S, Yu M, Wang K, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Shi J, Zhou M, Wu B, Yang Z, Zhang C, Yue J, Zhang Z, Renz H, Liu X, Xie J, Xie M, Zhao J. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020; 146:110–118.

Lippi G, Wong J, Henry BM. Hypertension in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130:304–9.

Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients. J Inf Secur. 2020;15(30):1–5.

Olbei, Marton and Hautefort, Isabelle and Modos, Dezso and Treveil et al., (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients. Frontiers in immunology. 12. DOI:10.3389/fimmu. 2021.629193. ISSN: 1664-3224

Rubino F, Amiel SA, Zimmet P, Alberti G, Bornstein S, Eckel RH et al., (2020). New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 20;383(8):789-790. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2018688. Epub 2020 Jun 12. PMID: 32530585; PMCID: PMC7304415.

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Patidar, R., Younis, K., Desai, P., Hosein, Z., Padda, I., Mangat, J., & Altaf, M. (2020). Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19. SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2(8), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4

Scheen AJ, Marre M, Thivolet C. Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: Findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports. Diabetes Metab. 2020; 46:265–271.

Schiffrin E. L., Flack J. M., Ito S., Muntner P., Webb R. C. (2020). Hypertension and COVID-19. Am. J. Hypertens. 33 373–374. 10.1093/ajh/hpaa057

Schiffrin, E. L., Flack, J. M., Ito, S., Muntner, P., and Webb, R. C. (2020). Hypertension and COVID-19. Am. J. Hypertens. 33, 373–374. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa057

Vieira C, Nery, L., Martins, L., Jabour, L., Dias, R., Simões, E., et al. (2021). Downregulation of membrane-bound angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor has a pivotal role in COVID-19 immunopathology. Curr. Drug Targets 22, 254–281. doi: 10.2174/1389450121 66620 10 20 1 54033.

Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. J Virol. 2020;94 e00127-20.

Wu, C. et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern. Med. 180, 934–943 (2020).

Yan Zhang, Yanhui Cui, Minxue Shen, Jianchu Zhang, Ben Liu, Minhui Dai, Lingli Chen, et al., 2020.Association of diabetes mellitus with disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 165;108227. ISSN 0168-8227. doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227.

Yang JK, Jin JM, Liu S, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM. Blood glucose is a representative of the clustered indicators of multi-organ injury for predicting mortality of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. SSRN. 2020:28.

Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Li J, Hu K, et al. Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020; 26:767–772. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.012.

Zhang P, Wang M, Wang Y, Li T, Zeng J, Wang L, Li C, Gong Y. Risk factors associated with the progression of COVID-19 in elderly diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021; 171:108550.

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395:1054–62.

Zhu L, She ZG, Cheng X, Qin JJ, Zhang XJ, Cai J, Lei F, Wang H, Xie J, Wang W, Li H, Zhang P, Song X, Chen X, Xiang M, Zhang C, Bai L, Xiang D, Chen MM, Liu Y, Yan Y, Liu M, Mao W, Zou J, Liu L, Chen G, Luo P, Xiao B, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Wang J, Lu H, Xia X, Wang D, Liao X, Peng G, Ye P, Yang J, Yuan Y, Huang X, Guo J, Zhang BH. Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab. 2020; 31:1068–1077.e3.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-06

How to Cite

Dhuha Ali Hassan, & Manal Mohammed Kadhim. (2022). THE EFFECT OF PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES ON CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION. World Bulletin of Public Health, 10, 25-31. Retrieved from https://scholarexpress.net/index.php/wbph/article/view/928

Issue

Section

Articles