MOOD AND MODALITY: THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between mood and modality in linguistics, focusing on how modal meanings are expressed in English and Uzbek. Building on the distinction between mood as a grammatical category and modality as a semantic category, the study draws on the works of Huddleston and Pullum, Bally, Krasnova, Ahmanova, and Uzbek scholars. It classifies modal units into four semantic groups – certainty and affirmation, probability and supposition, emotional-evaluative modality, and logical sequence – and provides parallel examples from both languages. The article also analyzes three key dimensions of modality: the speaker’s attitude toward factuality, the modality of necessity and possibility, and the subjectiveobjective nature of modal meaning. The findings contribute to a better understanding of modal categories across typologically distinct languages.